asun писал(а):IrenaF , а ты можешь раздобыть там у себя детальный стандартны на продукты органик? У меня есть знакомы, которые занимаются мясом, овощами. Я их все продавливаю, чтобы занялись экологически чистой продукцией. Может у нас тоже что-то подобное получится. А то прям есть нечего.
Посмотрела сейчас - детальные стандарты так просто не добудешь, во всяком случае, канадские. Американские, насколько мне известно, не такие строгие
Там не только стандарты на все это, еще и учат как использовать землю, чтобы не вредить экологии, как обходится без пестицидов и т.п. Там сложная наука, как я поняла . Плюс они еще призывают к использованию чистой энергии и к переработке отходов.
Вот принципы:
Organic farming comprises a range of approaches within the broader sustainable agriculture spectrum. In its most developed form, ecologically sustainable agriculture (including organic farming) is both a philosophy and a system of farming. It is based on a set of values that reflects an awareness of both ecological and social realities, and on a level of empowerment that is sufficient to generate responsible action. Efforts to ensure short-term viability are tested against long-term environmental sustainability, and attention to the uniqueness of every operation is considered in relation to ecological and humanistic imperatives, with an awareness of both local and global implications. It emphasizes benign designs and management procedures that work with natural processes and cycles to conserve all resources (including beneficial soil organisms and natural pest controls), and minimize waste and environmental damage, prevent problems, and promote agroecosystem resilience, self-regulation, evolution, and sustained production for the nourishment and optimal development of all (including rural communities both here and abroad). Special attention is paid to the relationships between soil conditions, food quality and livestock health; and livestock is cared for in the most humane way possible. In addition, organic farmers tend to avoid the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, and livestock feed additives. Instead, they rely upon crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, legumes, green manures, off-farm organic wastes, mechanical cultivation, and mineral-bearing rocks to maintain soil fertility and productivity. Insects, weeds and other pests are managed by means of natural, cultural and biological controls. The potential of this approach, however, goes far beyond its present expression, which has largely been limited to the substitution of environmentally benign products and practices. As this new vision of what is ecologically responsible becomes established, significant development can be expected in the science and art of agroecosystem design and management.
Вот вкратце стандарты:
Organic Standards
There may be slight differences in requirements between various organic standards. Producers should always review the standard to which they are complying and ensure acceptance of products and practices by their particular certifying organization. It is not the intent of this publication to outline detailed requirements of organic crop and livestock production, but to provide general guidelines only.
Transition period
Most organic guidelines require a three-year transition phase in which the land must be free of prohibited materials, such as chemicals and synthetic fertilizers (contact a certification agency for a list of permitted substances). The goal during this period is to use management strategies that make the soil as fertile, weed-free and healthy as possible going into the certified period. The grain harvested during the transition period is not eligible to be sold in the organic market..
In instances where land has not been registered in an official transition program, and if prohibited substances have not been applied for a minimum of three years, the certification agency may simply require a pre-year inspection. This essentially shortens the time from enrollment to certification from three years to one year.
Buffer zone
If adjoining land offers the possibility of contamination, a physical barrier or buffer strip must exist. Buffer strips are generally a minimum of 7.62 m (25 ft.).
General Animal Husbandry
Producers should select livestock types and breeds that are suited to the facilities and management style on their farm in order to minimize stress and disease potential. On-farm conditions should accommodate the natural behavior of the livestock. Access to the outdoors, shade and shelter must be provided.
Animal Health Care Practices
Producers of organic livestock should establish, maintain and document their preventive health care practices, particularly the practice they employ if illness occurs, and the protocol for determining when a sick animal must receive a prohibited drug. If prohibited drugs are used, the animal must be identified and sold into non-organic markets. In such a case, detailed records of the medication, animal identification and receipt of the conventional sale must be retained. Culling of chronic problem animals is the best way to develop a healthy population that is adapted to a particular farm.
A key ingredient in preventive health care is the reduction of stress. Animals should receive housing, pasture and sanitation conditions that minimize the occurrence and spread of disease. Conditions must also provide for exercise, freedom of movement and reduction of stress that is appropriate to the species.
Feed Requirements
All feed sources must be certified organic. Harvesting and processing must also occur within certified organic facilities.
Stock Replenishment
Livestock to be sold as organic must be maintained under continuous organic management. Different types of livestock will have different requirements concerning stock replenishment. In the case of beef, non-organic breeder stock may be brought into an organic operation provided that the animals, if gestating, are brought into the organic operation prior to the third trimester. There are no restrictions on male breeding stock and the practice of artificial insemination is discouraged.
Vaccinations and Antibiotics
The use of certain vaccines is permitted; however, antibiotic use is prohibited in order to keep organic status. Livestock producers must not withhold medications that can relieve the suffering of the animal, even when doing so results in the loss of organic status for that animal.
Growth Hormones
The use of growth hormones is prohibited.
Manure Management
Producers are required to manage manure in a manner that does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil or water by plant nutrients, heavy metals or pathogenic organisms. Processing and application should be such that nutrient cycling is optimized. Composting is highly recommended, and restrictions on the application of raw manure do exist.
Более подробные стандарты дают за деньги как я поняла.
Думаю что в Европе тоже есть стандарты. Здесь кстати на фермах органик принято вести "курсы" обучения, приезжают люди для обмена опытом и учебой, часто это бесплатно.
http://www.wwoof.org/ - вот всемирная организация которая этим занимается.